According to many legal and political scientists the Austrian Bundesrat is generally considered to be a paradigmatic example of a politically and legally weak second chamber embedded in a strongly centralised ...
2.
Shared Rule vs Self-Rule? Bicameralism, Power-Sharing and the 'Joint Decision Trap'
(Arthur Benz/Essay)
(Arthur Benz/Essay)
In federal and regionalised states, bicameralism constitutes shared rule between levels of governments. At the same time, second chambers serve as a safeguard protecting self-rule of decentralised governments ...
3.
The politics of sub-national constitutions and local government in Ethiopia
(Zemelak Ayitenew Ayele/Essay)
(Zemelak Ayitenew Ayele/Essay)
... the party has a highly centralised decision-making system founded on the principle of ‘democratic centralism’. Under this system, the party’s regional and local structures, which also control government ...
4.
On the Brink of a Federal State? The Decentralisation Model of the Peruvian Constitution
(Maria Bertel/Essay)
(Maria Bertel/Essay)
... state by means of comparative standards of federalism and through references to other decentralised systems. ...
... popular legislative initiative (PLI) model (the final decision of Parliament and with no possibility of referendum) compared to other decentralised countries, where referenda may be held either on legislation ...
The article looks at federalism as applied in Africa in the dual sense of a devolution of power from what would otherwise be unitary and centralised states to lower levels of governance and a transferral ...