... of the major sources of pollution worldwide, has usually been disregarded when it came to take climate change mitigation action. Therefore, this research has decided to focus on the international regulation ...
2.
Federalism in post-conflict states: Assessing Somalia's challenges and the way forward
(A.Y.S. Ali, A.H. Dahir and Z.D. Hersi/Essay)
(A.Y.S. Ali, A.H. Dahir and Z.D. Hersi/Essay)
... online survey using social media. A total of 1,073 respondents nationwide participated in this study. The major variables studied were: perceptions of federalism adoption; legislative power sharing; executive ...
... as an operational instrument for values enforcement. Although the Commission’s (late) decision to activate the Article 7(1) TEU procedure should be welcomed as a major effort in restoring the rule of law ...
4.
Inter-parliamentary Cooperation in the EU and outside the Union: Distinctive Features and Limits of the European Experience
(Elena Griglio and Nicola Lupo/Essay)
(Elena Griglio and Nicola Lupo/Essay)
... and its impact on parliaments’ relationship with the democratic oversight rationale, have exercised a major influence on the aims and scope of inter-parliamentary cooperation. On the other hand, from the ...
5.
Attempts to change the British House of Lords into a second chamber of the nations and regions: explaining a history of failed reforms
(Meg Russell/Essay)
(Meg Russell/Essay)
... once common throughout Europe. Hence calls for major reform are commonplace. However successful changes have been piecemeal and rare. Meanwhile the UK is not federal, but is nonetheless a ‘union state’, ...
6.
Bicameralism in Belgium: the dismantlement of the Senate for the sake of multinational confederalism
(Patricia Popelier/Essay)
(Patricia Popelier/Essay)
... of the Belgian system towards confederalism based on two major linguistic groups. ...
... of the two federal tiers and the Länder executives within the Bundesrat play a major role in making joint decisions. They are forced to make decisions in the ‘joint-decision mode’ (Politikverflechtung) ...
8.
The Lesson from the Modern American Federalism: A Challenge to Effective Public Policy Performance
(Geiguen Shin/Essay)
(Geiguen Shin/Essay)
... efficiency of federal system by dividing a clear intergovernmental responsibility on major policy platforms. ...
9.
Socialisation and legitimacy intermediation in the Council of the European Union
(Kamil Ławniczak/Essay)
(Kamil Ławniczak/Essay)
... to decide by qualified majority. Socialisation is weakening the input legitimacy of decisions made in the Council, while at the same time enhancing their output legitimacy by favouring genuine consens ...
10.
The voting systems in the Council of the EU and the Bundesrat – What do they tell us about European Federalism?
(Jacek Czaputowicz and Marcin Kleinowski/Essay)
(Jacek Czaputowicz and Marcin Kleinowski/Essay)
... for more than half a century. At the same time, the system of double majority is fundamentally different from the assumptions on which voting systems in federal states are based, including in the Bundesrat. ...
11.
From the Unitary Patent Package to a Federal EU Patent Law
(Juliana Almeida and Guilherme Oliveira e Costa/Essay)
(Juliana Almeida and Guilherme Oliveira e Costa/Essay)
... of this new system. Nevertheless, the involvement of the majority of the Member-States in the Unitary Patent Package, through participating in an international agreement and in using the EU’s enhanced ...
12.
The Spanish vision of Canada’s Clarity Act: from idealization to myth
(Francisco Javier Romero Caro/Essay)
(Francisco Javier Romero Caro/Essay)
... The emphasis tends to be made on the quantitative clear majority test, disregarding other factors. Hence, the aim of this paper is to study the causes of this deification of the Clarity Act in Spain, and ...
Constitutional politics seemingly corroborate the assumption that Germany is a Grand Coalition state. In this perspective German cooperative federalism and the supermajority required for any amendment ...
... the major kind of constraints so far adopted. Of each major category the focus is upon institutional weaknesses that create the room for the adoption of circumventing practices. The following section focuses ...
European Movement International (EM) was founded in October 1948 after the Hague Congress held in May to coordinate the initiatives of the major European movements and political forces in favour of the ...
16.
Rights of Minors and Constitutional Politics in the German Länder. Legal Framework, Party Strategies, and Constitutional Amendments
(Astrid Lorenz/Essay)
(Astrid Lorenz/Essay)
... and contents of respective initiatives vary significantly in the period from 1999 to 2014. These variations were due to different party strategies, diverging party platforms and majority constellations ...
17.
A new Commission for a new era. Is the parliamentarization of the European Commission the way forward?
(Jerónimo Maillo González-Orús/Essay)
(Jerónimo Maillo González-Orús/Essay)
... true democracy in the European Union, there is a need of promoting ‘different in nature’ EU politics, more based on cross-national ideological majorities (or alliances) and less on national interests bargaining. ...
18.
Movement towards a Flemish Constitution: the Charter for Flanders, another failed attempt?
(Sarah Lambrecht/Essay)
(Sarah Lambrecht/Essay)
A Constitution for Flanders has been preoccupying Flemish politicians and scholars for over twenty years. On 23 May 2012, the majority parties presented in the Flemish Parliament the Charter for Flanders. ...
19.
Constitutional bases in the federal conflict over access to health care of undocumented immigrants in Spain
(Irene Sobrino Guijarro/Essay)
(Irene Sobrino Guijarro/Essay)
... processes governing the transfer of powers from the central level and the consolidation of the political autonomy of “Autonomous Communities.” For instance, the vast majority of legislative powers in the ...
20.
The scrutiny of the principle of subsidiarity by autonomous regional parliaments with particular reference to the participation of the Parliament of Catalonia in the early warning system
(Esther Martín Núñez/Essay)
(Esther Martín Núñez/Essay)
... weeks, a report on compliance with the principle of subsidiarity. The majority of regional parliaments have also carried out normative reforms to regulate the procedure of participation in the early warning ...