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... Austria has rather weak structures with regard to power-sharing. No wonder, given the structural bias between central state and substates, informal forces are at work in order to make up for the shortcomings ...
... important occasion and stimulus to reform the financing of the budget and to readjust the spending structure. ...
23. Political Parties in the EU: What’s Next?
(Edoardo Bressanelli/Essay)
... play in different arenas. The parliamentary parties are responsible to organize the workings of the European Parliament (EP) and have developed strong organizational structures over time. In contrast, ...
Are sub-national constitutional politics shaped by multilevel structures or by sub-national factors? That is the question I am tackling with in this paper. In order to answer this question I will examine ...
... regional states to use its constitution, among others, to design and adopt a system and structure of local government fitting to its circumstances. This is particularly important since the regional states ...
26. How Can We Define Federalism?
(John Law/Essay)
... the existence of two distinct federal structures – the federal state and the federal union of states – where before only the former was known. It thus leads to identification of the presently unidentified ...
... “organisational structures whose members have objectives and responsibilities that are of general interest and who also act as mediators between the public authorities and citizens”, as well as multi-level ...
... at achieving resilience against disasters. Being resilient means having the abilities to resist, adapt to stressful changes and to bounce back to the original structure. In a resilience-oriented context, ...
... if, and how, the fiscal dimension of federalism matters for feelings of solidarity, reciprocity, unity and, ultimately, for the legitimacy of the very (nation-state or Union) structures that are to contribute ...
... intra-regional trade volume and stimulate economic growth in all three counties. However, given the tremendous differences in economic structure and development stage between the three countries as well ...
On 30  March 2007, Italy signed the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and ratified it by Law 18/2009. Through this, Italy has committed itself to reforming the structure ...
...  In order to do so, I have structured the article into two parts: the first part recalls the main features of the so-called transnational law (polycentrism, non-exclusivity of state actors in the law-making ...
... to fully fledged federal states) especially looking at the lower courts. This paper is structured as follows: first, I am going to recall the debate on the consequences- in terms of legal uncertainty- ...
... constitutionalism. The sovereign constitutional norms are the same and the Basic Laws – such as the Joint Declarations - are essentially identical; that is, the normative superstructure has a high degree ...
... decision to look to countries with multi-level political structures for inspiration. This  paper puts forward the hypothesis that the electoral system in communities which form part of the endogenous party ...
... the shortcomings regarding the institutional structure of the European Union during the pre-Lisbon period and the problems ensuing from the UN regime of financial sanctions, most namely as regards fundamental ...
... attempts of building typologies. Focusing on the essential dimension of the strength of the demands regarding the preferred state structure and the future of their region, we will suggest a renewed typology ...
... could be included. However, federalism has not been clearly defined and there are several concerns about its form, structure and limits. The question whether this federalism will be ethno-sectarian or ...
39. Accessibility
(Nocomment/no comment)
... menu that allows users to know their position on the website structure and the title of the page they are visiting. The structure is hyper textual and, with a simple click on the text of the navigation ...
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